Ibtehal Alkhawaldeh
Sports Training, Mutah University, Jordan
Publications
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Full Length Research Article
Psychological Stress Level among Football Referees in Light of Masses Absence due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Author(s): Ibtehal Alkhawaldeh* and Amjad Madanat
This study aimed to determine the level of psychological stress among football referees in light of the holding of matches without the masses due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recruited 300 approved referees in the official Jordan professional football league. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) was used for the study. The sample members included 138 (46%) court referees, and 162 (54%) line referees. On average, there was psychological stress among football referees masses absent due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Court referees reported that a high level of psychological stress among court referees was higher (15.36) than the line referees (14.62). Referees experienced modest degrees of psychological stress as a consequence of COVID- 19's mandatory absence from stadiums. Because the fifa has training programs, and several very experienced referees who help referee.. Read More»