Integrating Depression Screening into Family Medicine: Strategies for Early Detection and Timely Intervention

Abstract

Moamen Abdelfadil Ismail*, Hawra Mishari Alsalem, Hidaya Waleed Almansouri, Mohammad Ahmed Motwwam, Shaima Anwar Banjar, Moosa Jeded S Alenazi, Ali Qasem Alabdulsalam, Ghadeer Yousef Al Talaq, Zahra Shafiq Almatar, Shahad Saleh Alqarni, Hussam Yousef Alghamdi, Abdullah Dakhel AlRashod and Ghaliah Alhussain Alhazami

Background: Depression is frequently underdiagnosed in family medicine, despite its high prevalence and severe consequences. This systematic review explores evidence-based strategies for enhancing depression screening and early intervention within primary care contexts.

Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included adults (≥18 years), utilized structured depression screening interventions in family medicine, and reported outcomes such as detection rates, treatment initiation, and symptom reduction. Data extraction, quality appraisal, and narrative synthesis were performed.

Results: Fifteen studies (including RCTs, systematic reviews, and cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions integrating screening with structured follow-up, nurse-led assessments, or digital tools (e.g., AI screening) significantly improved detection (15–35%) and treatment initiation rates (up to 42%). Tailored protocols for specific populations, such as postpartum women and adolescents, showed increased efficacy. Multifaceted interventions were more effective than screening alone.

Conclusion: Effective depression screening in family medicine requires integrated, context-aware strategies that combine screening tools with system-level supports. Training, digital solutions, and workflow redesign enhance feasibility and patient outcomes. Future implementation must address structural barriers and inequities in access to ensure scalable, high-impact mental health care.